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Anti-Bihari sentiment
Anti-Bihari sentiment refers to discrimination against the people of the Indian state of Bihar, which is a region in the north-eastern Gangetic plains. Bihar has had slower economic growth than the rest of India in the 1990s, and as a consequence many Biharis have migrated to other parts of India in search of work. Bihari migrant workers have been subject to a growing degree of xenophobia,〔(Many Biharis are seen as criminals and any rise in criminality in areas of heavy migration are immediately blamed on Bihari youth or the so called "Bihari Mafia". ‘Outsiders’ must be welcomed ), But Manipur is not alone in these isolationist excesses. In neighbouring Assam, six migrant workers have been killed in two attacks this year, and as many as 88 were killed, and 33 injured in 12 such incidents in 2007. Indeed, waves of xenophobic violence have swept across Assam repeatedly since 1979, variously targeting Bangladeshis, Bengalis, Biharis and Marwaris."〕 racial discrimination,〔Vir Sanghvi, (The Bhaiyya Effect ), Hindustan Times, 27 September 2008 "The roots of Raj Thackeray's attack on the Bhaiyyas lie in India's economic transformation. Through a combination of poor planning and worse politics, Bihar and UP have been left out of the economic revolution. When people from those states travel outside to find work, those who have benefited from the recent prosperity treat them with the kind of snobbery and disdain with which the British treated Indians when we went to England to find employment in the 1950s. Then, we were seen as losers from a place that would never manage to prosper. But, of course, Indians ignored the racism and rose to the top of the economic pyramid."〕 prejudice〔AM, (''Calcutta Diary'' ), (Economic and Political Weekly ), July 21, 2001 "..How come Bihar has such a negative image in the rest of the country? Fingers will be pointed at the obscurantism characterizing the state, but are things any better in Rajasthan? Bihar is supposed to be riven by caste dissensions; can it however hold a candle in this regard to Tamil Nadu? Feudalism and social oppression are hallmarks of Bihar’s daily existence; what about Madhya Pradesh , Orissa and Chhattisgarh though? According to some snooty people Biharis are by and large crude. Some others would prefer to say that the people of Bihar are rooted to the soil and hate to hide their natural instincts behind pretensions; they cannot be any cruder than those populating the backwaters of Punjab."〕〔(Its Bal Thakrey's turn now, says 'Ek Bihari Sau Beemari',Maharastra CM assures of action against him in reply | eWeekdays.com )"Shiv Sena Supremo Balasahab Thakrey has come hard once again on Biharis. Bal Thakeray,in his latest article in Samna has written that Bihari’s are like dieses. He said that Ek Bihari, Sau Bimari. Do Bihari Ladai ki taiyari, Teen Bihari train hamari and paanch Bihari to sarkar hamaari. Earlier it was Raj Thakrey and his party Maharashtra Nav Nirman Sena who had launched an agitation against the North Indians. But this time its Bal Thakrey who has asked Biharis and Bihari Politician to improve their behavior."〕〔(Biharis are an affliction, says Bal Thackeray )" Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray, in an attempt to overtake his estranged nephew Raj Thackeray's campaign against people from north India, termed Biharis as an affliction, and said they were unwanted in all other parts of the country. The ageing leader warned that the so-called Bihari leaders, by accusing people of Mumbai of harbouring "anti-national sentiments, were attempting to again breathe fire into the anti-north Indian feelings in Maharashtra." They must realize this would only put their brethren here at the receiving end, he added."〕 and violence.〔(40 Bihari Workers Killed by ULFA - PatnaDaily News )〕
==Causes==
Since the late 1980s and through to 2005, poor governance and annual flooding of Bihar by the Kosi River (Sorrow of Bihar) contributed to a crisis in the Bihar economy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=States of Crisis in India: Comparative research in Bihar and Madhya Pradesh )〕 The criminalisation of politics, and kidnappings of professional workers between 1990 and 2005 contributed to an economic collapse and led to the flight of capital, middle class professionals, and business leaders to other parts of India. This flight of business and capital increased unemployment and this led to the mass migration of Bihari farmers and unemployed youth to more developed states of India. The state has a per capita income of $536 a year against India's average of $1470 and 30.6% of the state's population lives below the poverty line against India's average of 22.15%. The level of urbanisation (10.5%) is below the national average (27.78%); and behind states like Maharastra (42.4%). Urban poverty in Bihar (32.91%) is above the national average of 23.62%.〔http://industries.bih.nic.in/Slides01/Presentation.pdf〕 Also using per capita water supply as a surrogate variable, Bihar (61 litres per day) is below the national average (142 litres per day) and that of Maharastra (175 litres per day according to 2006 data) in civic amenities.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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